{"id":19841,"date":"2021-04-28T09:08:54","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T09:08:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tatacapital.com\/blog\/?p=15026"},"modified":"2025-09-19T08:58:36","modified_gmt":"2025-09-19T08:58:36","slug":"what-is-repo-rate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tatacapitalmoneyfy.com\/blog\/investment-guide\/what-is-repo-rate\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Repo Rate? Meaning &amp; How it Works"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Repo rate is a powerful tool used by India\u2019s central bank, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), to maintain liquidity in the market and manage cash flow. The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the RBI convenes bi-monthly to make changes to the repo rate according to economic conditions. It can be used to combat inflation, recession, induce cash flow, increase investment, etc. A hike or slash in the repo rate can have significant impacts on the economy, particularly the cost of borrowing credits. Thus, you must be aware of what is the meaning of repo rate and what it implies for you as the borrower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Current repo rate in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The current repo rate in India is 5.50%. It was revised on 6<sup>th<\/sup> June, 2025, by the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), which lowered it by 50 basis points from the previous repo rate of 6.00%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Historical repo rates from 2010 to 2025<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s a table representing the historical repo rates in India:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Date effective from<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Repo rate<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<sup>th<\/sup> June 2025<\/td><td>5.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<sup>th<\/sup> April 2025<\/td><td>6.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<sup>th<\/sup> February 2025<\/td><td>6.25%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<sup>th<\/sup> December 2024<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<sup>th<\/sup> October 2024<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<sup>th<\/sup> August 2024<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<sup>th<\/sup> June 2024<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<sup>th<\/sup> February 2024<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<sup>th<\/sup> December 2023<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<sup>th<\/sup> October 2023<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<sup>th<\/sup> August 2023<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<sup>th<\/sup> June 2023<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<sup>th<\/sup> April 2023<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<sup>th<\/sup> February 2023<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<sup>th<\/sup> December 2022<\/td><td>6.25%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>30<sup>th<\/sup> September 2022<\/td><td>5.90%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<sup>th<\/sup> August 2022<\/td><td>5.40%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<sup>th<\/sup> June 2022<\/td><td>4.90%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<sup>th<\/sup> May 2022<\/td><td>4.40%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<sup>th<\/sup> April 2022<\/td><td>4.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<sup>th<\/sup> February 2022<\/td><td>4.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<sup>th<\/sup> December 2021<\/td><td>4.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<sup>th<\/sup> October 2021<\/td><td>4.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<sup>th<\/sup> August 2021<\/td><td>4.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<sup>th<\/sup> June 2021<\/td><td>4.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<sup>th<\/sup> February 2021<\/td><td>4.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<sup>th<\/sup> December 2020<\/td><td>4.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<sup>th<\/sup> October 2020<\/td><td>4.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<sup>th<\/sup> August 2020<\/td><td>4.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22<sup>nd<\/sup> May 2020<\/td><td>4.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>27<sup>th<\/sup> March 2020<\/td><td>4.40%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<sup>th<\/sup> February 2020<\/td><td>5.15%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<sup>th<\/sup> December 2019<\/td><td>5.15%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<sup>th<\/sup> October 2019<\/td><td>5.15%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<sup>th<\/sup> August 2019<\/td><td>5.40%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<sup>th<\/sup> June 2019<\/td><td>5.75%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<sup>th<\/sup> April 2019<\/td><td>6.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<sup>th<\/sup> February 2019<\/td><td>6.25%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<sup>th<\/sup> December 2018<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<sup>th<\/sup> October 2018<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<sup>st<\/sup> August 2018<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<sup>th<\/sup> June 2018<\/td><td>6.25%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<sup>th<\/sup> April 2018<\/td><td>6.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<sup>th<\/sup> February 2018<\/td><td>6.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<sup>th<\/sup> December 2017<\/td><td>6.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<sup>th<\/sup> October 2017<\/td><td>6.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<sup>nd<\/sup> August 2017<\/td><td>6.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<sup>th<\/sup> June 2017<\/td><td>6.25%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<sup>th<\/sup> April 2017<\/td><td>6.25%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<sup>th<\/sup> February 2017<\/td><td>6.25%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<sup>th<\/sup> December 2016<\/td><td>6.25%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<sup>th<\/sup> October 2016<\/td><td>6.25%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<sup>th<\/sup> August 2016<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<sup>th<\/sup> June 2016<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<sup>th<\/sup> April 2016<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<sup>nd<\/sup> February 2016<\/td><td>6.75%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<sup>st<\/sup> December 2015<\/td><td>6.75%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>29<sup>th<\/sup> September 2015<\/td><td>6.75%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<sup>th<\/sup> August 2015<\/td><td>7.25%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<sup>nd<\/sup> June 2015<\/td><td>7.25%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<sup>th<\/sup> April 2015<\/td><td>7.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<sup>rd<\/sup> February 2015<\/td><td>7.75%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<sup>nd<\/sup> December 2014<\/td><td>8.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>30<sup>th<\/sup> September 2014<\/td><td>8.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<sup>th<\/sup> August 2014<\/td><td>8.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<sup>rd<\/sup> June 2014<\/td><td>8.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<sup>st<\/sup> April 2014<\/td><td>8.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18<sup>th<\/sup> December 2013<\/td><td>7.75%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>29<sup>th<\/sup> October 2013<\/td><td>7.75%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20<sup>th<\/sup> September 2013<\/td><td>7.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<sup>th<\/sup> June 2013<\/td><td>7.25%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<sup>rd<\/sup> May 2013<\/td><td>7.25%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19<sup>th<\/sup> March 2013<\/td><td>7.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18<sup>th<\/sup> December 2012<\/td><td>8.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>30<sup>th<\/sup> October 2012<\/td><td>8.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>31<sup>st<\/sup> July 2012<\/td><td>7.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18<sup>th<\/sup> June 2012<\/td><td>8.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<sup>th<\/sup> April 2012<\/td><td>8.00%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<sup>th<\/sup> March 2011<\/td><td>6.75%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>25<sup>th<\/sup> January 2011<\/td><td>6.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>02<sup>nd<\/sup> November 2010<\/td><td>6.25%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is Repo Rate?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The repo rate is the rate at which commercial banks borrow from the RBI by selling securities such as Treasury Bills to the central bank. Just like you, the borrower, borrow money from the bank by providing collateral and repaying the amount with an interest rate, commercial banks can also borrow money from the RBI in case of a cash crunch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, the collateral is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tatacapitalmoneyfy.com\/blog\/tax-saving-investments\/what-are-treasury-bills-or-t-bills-in-india\/\">Treasury Bills<\/a> that commercial banks sell to the RBI, and the interest rate of borrowing is called the Repo Rate. However, the repo rate does not just affect the borrowing banks; it also affects the ordinary citizens of society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How does the repo rate work?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The repo rate is the interest rate at which the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities. When banks need to borrow money, they sell securities to the RBI with an agreement to repurchase them later at a slightly higher price. The difference in price reflects the repo rate. A lower repo rate makes borrowing cheaper, encouraging spending and investment, while a higher rate makes borrowing more expensive, helping to control inflation and slow down economic activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance of the repo rate<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The repo rate is a highly crucial concept in economics and finance. Countless central banks and financial institutions use it to achieve specific macroeconomic objectives. These include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Controlling inflation <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>During periods of high inflation, central banks often raise repo rates. This makes borrowing funds more expensive, which can then reduce inflation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Promoting economic growth <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Repo rate can also be used during periods of low economic growth. During this time, central banks may lower the repo rate, making borrowing funds easier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Managing liquidity <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Another primary function of the repo rate is managing liquidity within the banking system. Central banks achieve this by adjusting the repo rate, which controls how much money banks can borrow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Reserve Bank of India repo rate<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The latest repo rate and reverse repo rate are highlighted in the table below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Current repo rate<\/td><td>5.50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reverse repo rate<\/td><td>3.35%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bank rate<\/td><td>5.75%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Marginal Standing Facility Rate<\/td><td>5.75%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is the reverse repo rate?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The reverse repo rate refers to the interest rate at which the country\u2019s commercial banks lend to the RBI. The central bank can use it as a tool to control liquidity in the banking system. Unlike the repo rate, the reverse repo rate is fixed at 3.35% and does not change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Difference between repo rate and reverse repo rate<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Central banks use the repo rate and reverse repo rate to control inflation and manage liquidity. The two serve as crucial tools, and understanding the difference between the two can be beneficial.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Parameter<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Repo rate<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Reverse repo rate<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Definition<\/td><td>The rate at which commercial banks borrow from the RBI or a central bank.<\/td><td>The rate at which the RBI or a central bank borrows from commercial banks.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Borrower\/Lender roles<\/td><td>Borrower &#8211; Commercial banks Lender &#8211; RBI<\/td><td>Borrower &#8211; RBI Lender &#8211; Commercial banks<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Function<\/td><td>Provides short-term loans to drive inflation and boost the economy.<\/td><td>Eliminates excess liquidity from the banking system to regulate inflation and maintain stability.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Interest rate<\/td><td>Higher than the reverse repo rate; changes based on economic indicators.<\/td><td>Lower than the repo rate; remains unchanged.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Influence on interest rates<\/td><td>Directly impacts the rate of interest on bank loans &#8211; a higher repo rate means higher interest rates.<\/td><td>Impacts the interest rates indirectly by influencing how much banks can lend.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Impact of a higher rate<\/td><td>Makes loans more expensive by increasing the cost of funds for commercial banks.<\/td><td>Reduces the money supply in the economy as commercial banks deposit more funds with the RBI.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Impact of a lower rate<\/td><td>Reduces interest rates on loans by decreasing the cost of funds for commercial banks.<\/td><td>Increases the economy\u2019s money supply as banks deposit less money with the RBI and lend more to the citizens.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How does RBI calculate repo rate?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The RBI does not follow a defined mathematical formula to calculate the repo rate. It relies on an assessment of economic indicators, including GDP growth, inflation, etc. The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) revises the rate during policy meetings to address inflation and boost economic activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s an example to understand the repo rate calculation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If the RBI sets the repo rate at 6% and a bank borrows Rs. 1,00,000 from it, the repayment will be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Rs. 1,00,000 + (6% interest) = \u20b9 1,06,000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The \u20b9 6,000 above the principal amount is the cost of borrowing and indicates the repo rate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key economic indicators the RBI considers for repo rate decisions:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Inflation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GDP growth<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MPC\u2019s suggestions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Liquidity in the banking system<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fiscal deficit and government borrowing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Global economic conditions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Currency stability and forex reserves<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is affected by a change in repo rate?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Changes in the repo rate can affect several areas of a country\u2019s economy. These include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Inflation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Inflation is often controlled by changing the repo rate. For example, during periods of high inflation, the RBI will increase the repo rate, making it more challenging to borrow funds, thereby reducing the money supply and inflation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Interest rates <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Adjusting the repo rate also often controls loan interest rates, which impacts the cost of personal loans, business loans, and mortgages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Currency values <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Higher repo rates can increase the national currency value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The relationship between the repo rate and interest rates<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The relationship between the repo rate paid by the bank to the RBI and the interest rates paid by the borrower to the bank is directly proportional. The greater the repo rate, the higher the cost of borrowing. Let us understand this with two examples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Scenario 1: RBI hikes repo rate<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As of December 2020, the repo rate was 4%. Suppose that the RBI increases this to 6%. This means that now, the cost of borrowing from the RBI has increased by 2% or 200 basis points for commercial banks. To compensate for the high cost of borrowing, banks will, in turn, charge a higher interest rate to their borrowers. As a result, loans will become expensive for citizens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Scenario 2: RBI slashes repo rate<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Alternatively, if the RBI slashes this rate from 4% to 3.75%, borrowing will become more affordable than before for banks. They will reduce the interest rates for loans, and taking a loan from the bank will become cheaper for citizens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to affecting the interest rates on a loan, the repo rate also impacts the returns on direct deposits. If there is a repo rate cut, you will earn a lower interest rate and vice versa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How does the repo rate impact consumer interest rates?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The RBI\u2019s repo rate can also impact consumer interest rates. It is essential to understand these effects for proper financial planning and decision-making:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Borrowing costs<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A lower repo rate reduces banks\u2019 cost of borrowing funds, which often translates to lower interest rates on loans and credit for consumers and businesses. This can encourage borrowing and spending, boosting economic activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Deposit rates<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Banks may also lower deposit interest rates in response to a lower repo rate, as this reduces their cost of borrowing. This can impact a consumer\u2019s returns on savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Inflation control<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A higher repo rate increases borrowing costs, leading to higher interest rates on loans and credit. This means consumers must pay higher interest payments on loans, mortgages, and more. This can reduce borrowing and spending, helping control inflation by cooling down economic activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Whether you are an investor, consumer, or business owner, understanding the repo rate meaning is crucial. Understanding the impact repo rates have on interest rates, economic growth, and inflation can allow you to make better, more informed financial decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Are you planning to apply for a loan and get the best interest rates? Download Tata Moneyfy\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.tatacapital.moneyfy&amp;hl=en_IN\">mutual fund app<\/a> for all your finance-related needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-5 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.tatacapital.moneyfy&amp;hl=en\">Download Moneyfy App<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Repo rate is a powerful tool used by India\u2019s central bank, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), to maintain liquidity in the market and manage cash flow. <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tatacapital.com\/blog\/investments\/what-is-repo-rate-and-how-it-affects-interest-rates\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is Repo Rate? 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